| 発行者 |
Java
(Indonesian States) |
|---|---|
| タイプ | 通常硬貨 |
| 年 | 1045-1300 |
| 構成 | 金 |
| 重量 | 2.41 g |
| 直径 | 8 mm |
| 厚さ | 5 mm |
| 形状 | 異形 |
| Technique | 打刻 |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| 通貨廃止 | はい |
| 番号 | N# 484710 |
| 参考文献 | Wicks# 102 Robert Sigfrid Wicks; 1992. Money, Markets, and Trade in Early Southeast Asia: The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems to AD 1400. SEAP - Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States. Michael Mitchiner; 1998. The History and Coinage of South East Asia Until the Fifteenth Century. Hawkins Publications, London, United Kingdom.Henricus Christiaan Millies; 1871. Recherches sur les monnaies des indigènes de l'archipel Indien et de la péninsule Malaie. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, Netherlands. |
リンガム - ファルス - 豊穣のシンボル。
(en) Vertical/horizontal bars, originally intended as a 'vase of plenty' which is found rarely on early examples. Most simply have the degraded design of bars
プレーン
© rbaskoro (CC BY-SA)
Gold coinage used in the Malay archipelago between the ninth to thirteenth centuries. Presumably first developed in Java during the Jenggala period (1042-1135 AD) before spreading to various locations such as Sumatra and Malay Peninsula. Occasionally referred as piloncito due to similarities with early gold currencies used in the Philippines. Often inaccurately referred as Majapahit coin, even though common use of this coin predates the founding of Majapahit empire in 1293 AD. By the fourteenth century, cash transactions in Majapahit had actually transitioned to Chinese cash coins (Wicks 1986: 44-47, 50-55)
Early specimens resemble small, flattened, round-edged dice; later specimens are more spherical. Surviving specimens show quite consistent weight between 2.4-2.5 grams, which would correspond to māṣa unit despite the tahil inscription (Christie 1996: 250-251). These coins was part of a system used in classical Java and Bali with ideal weight and unit reconstructed as follow (Wicks 1986: 45, 59) (Christie 1996: 257-260):
1 kaṭi (608.96 g) = 16 suvarṇa / tahil
1 suvarṇa / tahil (38.06 g) = 16 māṣa
1 māṣa (2.412 g) = 4 kupang
1 kupang (0.603 g)
In Old Javanese inscriptions, these units are invariably abbreviated as ka, su/ta, mā, and ku. The latest inscription that referred to these units is from 1296 AD.
See:
Christie, Jan Wisseman (1996) "Money and Its Uses in the Javanese States of the Ninth to Fifteenth Centuries A.D."
Millies, Henricus Christiaan (1871). Recherches sur les monnaies des indigènes de l'archipel Indien et de la pèninsule Malaie https://archive.org/details/recherchessurles00mill_0 plate I
Wicks, R. S. (1986). "Monetary Developments in Java between the Ninth and Sixteenth Centuries: A Numismatic Perspective" https://doi.org/10.2307/3351187, pp: 42–77.
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| 日付 | 劣品 | 並品 | 美品 | 極美品 | 準未使用 | 未使用 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Undetermined | |||||||||||||||
| ND (1045-1300) | |||||||||||||||
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