1 Pitis - Sultan Ratu Pangeran al-Patah

The inscription of this coin is difficult to read, which has caused several readings and attributions. Nestcher & van der Chijs (1855:168) assigned this piece to Palembang but could only guess a nonsensical reading سلطان رتوففترن دلقاريه sultan ratu paputran dalqariyah. A display at the Sumatran Numismatic Museum read the third line as القادم al-qadim and attribute them (without much explanation) to Jambi between 1804-1820. Singh (1986: 122) refrained from conjectural reading but provisionally attributed them to Johor based on a find spot in Riau Islands.

Gumilar (2021:7) read the third line as الڤات ه al-patah , which is compatible with Robinson's (2015) attribution to Demak Sultanate during the reign of Raden Patah (1475-1518). While the seat of Demak Sultanate is located in Java, it controlled the major Sumatran port of Palembang during Raden Patah's reign. Demak's control of Palembang may explain the frequent find of this coin in Sumatran regions.

See:

• Gumilar, Agung (2021). "Use of Malay-Arabic Scriptures of Jawi/Pegon in Number of Ancient Metal Currencies in Indonesia from Pre-Independence to Early Independence."
  
• Netscher, Elisa and Jacobus Anne van der Chijs (1855). De Munten van Nederlandsch Indië, beschreven en afgebeeld
  
• Robinson, Frank S. (2015). Palembang Coins.
  
• Singh, Saran (1986). The Encyclopaedia of the Coins of Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei, 1400-1986.